___________________________________________ / [ Cerebrum ] \ | - Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal | | | | [ Diencephalon ] | | - Thalamus & Hypothalamus | \____________________ ____________________/ | | [ Brainstem ] -> Midbrain, Pons, Medulla | | [ Cerebellum ] (Posterior) The Cerebrum
: Comprises the brain and the spinal cord, contained within the cranium and vertebral canal.
: Handles facial sensation and the muscles of mastication (chewing).
Contains myelinated axon tracts (ascending sensory, descending motor).
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Supplies the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes (lower limb motor/sensory areas). Anterior Communicating Artery: Connects the two ACAs. Internal Carotid Arteries: Gives rise to the ACA and MCA.
The PNS consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS, connecting the brain and spinal cord to muscles, organs, and tissues:
Essential for auditory processing, memory encoding (via the deep-seated hippocampus ), and emotion. It contains Wernicke’s area (speech comprehension).
Accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles; progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Central Nervous System Myelin : An famous text that uses humor and
Transmits pain, temperature, and crude touch. It decussates immediately within the spinal cord at the segment of entry. Major Descending (Motor) Tracts
Myelinate axons within the CNS, speeding up signal conduction. One oligodendrocyte can myelinate segments of multiple axons.
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Surround neuron cell bodies in sensory and autonomic ganglia, regulating the microenvironment. 3. Gross Anatomy of the Brain Internal Carotid Arteries: Gives rise to the ACA and MCA
Digital notes can be updated to include new clinical findings. Key Tips for Studying Neuroanatomy
Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus (DCML): Fine touch, vibration, and proprioception. Spinothalamic Tract: Pain and temperature sensation. 4. The Cranial Nerves
: The grand relay station for all sensory pathways (except olfaction) traveling to the cortex.
Connects cerebellum to the cerebral cortex; involved in breathing and sleep.