Human Nutrition Lecture Notes Jimma University Pdf [extra Quality] Jun 2026

Many developing countries face the concurrent manifestation of undernutrition (wasting, stunting, micronutrient deficiencies) alongside overnutrition (overweight, obesity) and related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) within the same communities, households, and individuals. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

Break the 300–500 page document into manageable chunks. For example: Week 1 – Carbohydrates & Lipids; Week 2 – Proteins & Energy Metabolism.

Course overview and learning outcomes

Minerals are inorganic elements classified into macrominerals (>100 mg/day required) and microminerals/trace elements (

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: Indicates stunting; reflects chronic, long-term malnutrition.

MNT for Diabetes Mellitus focuses on regulating glycemic excursions, stabilizing HbA1c levels, and mitigating long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications.

: Caused by severe protein deficiency relative to adequate or marginal caloric intake. It is characterized by generalized pitting edema (secondary to hypoalbuminemia and decreased oncotic pressure), a protuberant "potbelly" caused by fatty liver infiltration (steatosis due to impaired apolipoprotein synthesis), dermatosis ("flaky paint" skin lesions), and sparse, dyspigmented hair.

Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, exhibit minimal tissue storage (excluding Vitamin B12cap B sub 12 ), and are excreted in urine when ingested in excess. Key Biochemical Role Deficiency Manifestations Clinical Sign / Symptom TPP coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase. Beriberi (Wet/Dry), Wernicke-Korsakoff. Peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular failure. Riboflavin ( B2cap B sub 2 ) FAD and FMN prosthetic groups for redox reactions. Ariboflavinosis. Angular cheilitis, glossitis, stomatitis. Niacin ( B3cap B sub 3 ) NAD and NADP coenzymes for electron transport. The 4 Ds: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, Death. Pyridoxine ( B6cap B sub 6 ) PLP coenzyme for amino acid transamination. Sideroblastic anemia, neurological deficits. Microcytic anemia, convulsions. Folate ( B9cap B sub 9 ) Tetrahydrofolate (THF) for one-carbon DNA transfer. Megaloblastic anemia, Neural Tube Defects. Hypersegmented neutrophils, spina bifida. Cobalamin ( B12cap B sub 12 ) Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and methionine synthase. Course overview and learning outcomes Minerals are inorganic

Week 6 — Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base

: Can be synthesized via transamination pathways using metabolic intermediates.

Etiology : Acute, severe protein deficiency relative to energy intake, often precipitated by infections.

: Keeping the right balance of minerals prevents health issues like anemia. Nutritional Assessment and Public Health : Caused by severe protein deficiency relative to

: Chemical substances in food that provide energy, form structural materials, and regulate metabolic processes.

Nutritional status dictates individual and community health profiles. It functions on a continuum:

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Chemical substances in food that the body needs to function properly.

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Week 7 — Vitamins: Water- and Fat-soluble